Budgeting Process - 1488 Words

Budgeting Process Budgets are often met with much hesitation. Often times, managers feel that the process is often too long and really does not help them run their departments or business. Let ¡Ã‚ ¦s explore the various stages of the budgeting process and evaluate their effectiveness. Then review how the role of the budget could serve as an analytic tool and be used to evaluate organizational performance, eliminate inefficiencies in an organizations performance, and be a part of the business control cycle. How can a company go from point A to point B? According to Leading Edge Alliance, a budget is like a roadmap for business growth or driving directions (2007). What does budgeting entail? The Process Budgeting is the process of: identifying,†¦show more content†¦Again, more information can help provide a clearer picture of future results. Summarizing is the part of the budgeting process that entails relating the short-term activities to the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s long-term goals and establishing performance measures in relationship to budget activity. Finally, communication during the entire process is critical to the company. Budget information must be communicated to the individuals who are accountable for a particular department. Remember it is the directions that will allow them to take their department from point A to point B. Management can set expectations and coordinate the activities. It is at this point, that management can challenge and motivate their staff with the establishment of performance measures that have rewards tied to them (Cingoranelli, 2006). Analytical Tool Budgets can also be used as an analytic tool to evaluate organizational performance.  ¡Ã‚ §Budgets are useful because the preparation of a budget forces management to plan. In addition, the budget provides a benchmark against which to compare actual performance ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Marshall, et. al, 2004). Managers are responsible for carrying out plans. They are expected to undertake specific tasks, make the necessary decisions and manage staff. Budgets help to assess levels of successShow MoreRelatedCapital Budgeting Decision Process2039 Words   |  9 PagesCapital Budgeting Decision Process 1. Introduction The maximization of shareholder wealth can be achieved through dividend policy and increasing share price of the mark value. In order to derive more profits, our company shall invest potential investments which always cover a number of years. Those investments involve substantial initial outlay at the outset and the process. The management is responsible to participate in the process of planning, analyzing, evaluating, selectingRead MoreCapital Planning And Budgeting System Process1667 Words   |  7 PagesCapital planning and budgeting is a very vital piece in the Public Budgeting System process. It is an essential implement in the financial management practice and is effective in both public and private organizations. It is the method which consists of the determination and the evaluation of the investments and the possible expenses by an organization. As explicated by Lee, Johnson, Joyce (2008), capital budgets help in determining how much of each form of investment is needed, and it supportsRead MoreCapital Budgeting Process Should Be Utilized1432 Words   |  6 Pagestype of investment(s), in the form of acquisition, and or merger. In the world of business, capital budgeting is one of the most important steps that a company or organization can take. This process is called Capital budgeting. Capital budgeting is a process that attempts to determine the future. Before any large project begins, the capital budgeting process should be utilized. Without capital budgeting, your company could make a fatal mistake. A company or organization that is looking to invest itsRead MoreCapital Budgeting Process Should Be Utilized1489 Words   |  6 Pagestype of investment(s), in the form of acquisition, and or merger. In the world of business, capital budgeting is one of the most important steps that a company or organization can take. This process is called Capital budgeting. Capital budgeting is a process that attempts to determine the future. Before any l arge project begins, the capital budgeting process should be utilized. Without capital budgeting, your company could make a fatal mistake. A company or organization that is looking to invest itsRead MoreBudgeting Is The Cornerstone Of The Management Control Process1702 Words   |  7 Pagesabandoned as suggested above? Introduction Budgeting is the cornerstone of the management control process in nearly all organizations (Hansen et al, 2003). The purpose of budgeting is to give targets and plans financial value, making the progress easily measurable and to transform the strategic ideas into understandable operative action. (Hanninen, 2013). Yet sometimes budgeting is not as ideal as it is thought. Specifically, traditional budgeting method for the past couple of years arose a lotRead MoreBudgeting Process10662 Words   |  43 Pages(2004): MTEF Manual for Central Government: Zambia. 3. Mudenda Dale, (2005). The budgeting Processes and Economic Governance in Zambia: A Literature Review. 4. Bolnick Bruce, (1995): Establishing Fiscal Discipline: the Cash budget in Zambia. 5. Dinh Hinh, (2000) Cash Budget in Zambia: Stabilizations versus Growth and Poverty Reduction. 6. Mwanawina, I, M, (2002): Transparency and participation in the budgeting process: Zambia Country Report. 7. Mwansa John, (2005): Zambia Public Financial ManagementRead MoreStages in Budgeting Process920 Words   |  4 PagesSTAGES IN BUDGETING PROCESS Budgeting is such an essential part for organization and it move through numbers of procedure. The process for the preparation of budget might be varied from one organization to another before it could be finally accepted. Here are some sort of important stages in budgeting process as follow: Stage 1: Establish who will take responsibility for the budget-setting process It is crucial part to ensure that the committee who responsible to the budget has real authorityRead MoreStages in Budgeting Process927 Words   |  4 PagesSTAGES IN BUDGETING PROCESS Budgeting is such an essential part for organization and it move through numbers of procedure. The process for the preparation of budget might be varied from one organization to another before it could be finally accepted. Here are some sort of important stages in budgeting process as follow: Stage 1: Establish who will take responsibility for the budget-setting process It is crucial part to ensure that the committee who responsible to the budget has real authority withinRead MoreThe Decision Of The Budgeting Process966 Words   |  4 PagesThe budgeting process is an approach that needs to be carefully selected, managed, applied and controlled. As the CEO of the company my mission is ensure the right business practices are applied to generate better outcomes to our organization. Our current budgeting process is a popular approach used at many local, sate, or national governmental agencies, and nonprofit organization, which consist on spending at the end of the budget cycle the amount that was not used. Managers tend to do it, as theyRead MoreEssay on Budgeting Process1331 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction The budgeting process is utilized by managers to calculate and document the costs associated with running and keeping a business operating at a healthy level are estimated, expected revenues are projected, and then decisions are made which define how much debt you are in and how much can afford to borrow, and how much you can afford to spend on new purchases, new employees or new ventures. A budget must be established to measure current financial performance, detect substantial changes

Cold War Essay - 1770 Words

The Cold War, 1949-1963 25.1 American Commitment to Cold War: National Security Council Document 68 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How NSC-68 influenced America’s response to Communist North Korea’s invasion of South Korea in June 1950 and to Communist expansion in Southeast Asia in the 1960s. The NSC-68 called for military assistance programs that would meet the requirements of our allies. Since South Korea was an ally, we assisted them in repelling the invasion of another communist nation. This help for South Korea meant that a communist nation would be weakened and therefore possibly cripple a potential ally for the Soviet Union. Also, South Korea would then respond to a call for aid if the Soviet Union ever attacked†¦show more content†¦2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Which events in the war may have influenced responses in the polls of October 13, 1950, and January 22, 1951. On October 9th, 1950, the UN troops that crossed the 38th parallel declared the defeat of North Korea and the attempted reunification of the country. On October 13th, 1950, Chinese Communist Forces entered Korea. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How much public opinion polls should influence the conduct of American foreign policy. American foreign policy should be heavily influenced by the public opinion polls as long as the public has enough information about the issue to make an intelligent decision. However, if the American government is keeping secrets from the people that need to be considered when concerning the conduct of American foreign policy, then the polls should not influence it. 25.3 The Origins of â€Å"McCarthyism† 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Whether Griffith’s evidence supports his evaluation of McCarthy and McCarthyism. Griffith’s evidence does support his evaluation of McCarthy. Griffith says that McCarthy simply adopted a â€Å"political issue which was already sanction by much of the nation’s political leadership.† 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Whether Griffith’s view of McCarthyism helps explain American politics in the 1950s. Griffith’s view of McCarthyism offers a clear explanation of American politics in the 1950s. Griffith says that political leaders helped to instill aShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout the world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wante dRead MoreThe Cold War1676 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Context: The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West - namely: the United States of America, Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was that Germany would be dividedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2020 Words   |  9 Pages How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War? The Cold War was a â€Å"competition† between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46-year-long war began immediately after the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, â€Å"He hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated JewsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1253 Words   |  6 PagesFor almost 15 years the U.S. has been in a constant state of war. Various terrorist organizations, from al-Quade, to the Taliban, and now Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have maintained our focus so much so that we have almost forgotten about prior threats. Ten years prior to the start of the conflict in the Middle East, the Cold War had officially concluded, ending almost 45 years of server political and military tensions between the U.S. and Russian following WWII. During thi s period ofRead MoreThe Cold War1537 Words   |  7 Pagesseem and that every mental event in life its self can be perceived and interpreted many ways which are all true for each of the participants but not as a truth for all. This fed the cold war paranoia that even your next-door neighbor would be a communist. With the impending insanity of the M.A.D. policies of the cold war cultivated a nationwide paranoia that was brought out in many films like Dr. Strange-Love. In 1967 Theodore J. Flicker wrote and produced The President s Analyst which presents theRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2250 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the year 1945, there were quite a few reasons for the start of the Cold War. Hysteria was one of the major catalysts towards the start of the Cold War. Many American citizens shared the extensive fear of communist attacks against America, while the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) feared the same from the Americans. Another reason being that the United Stat es wouldn’t share their advances in the study of nuclear fission due to the USSR’s aim of spreading world communism. The USSRRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War began at the resolution of WWII and continued into the 1990’s. The Cold War was fueled by many factors such as ideological differences, mutual mistrust, America’s fear of the spread of communism, and nuclear weapons. The war ultimately resulted in the collapse of communism. The war was supported by allied nations although the main instigators of the war were Russia and the United States. A major short term factor that lead to the Cold War was USSR’s fear of America’s newly acquired

Interview with an Asian American Woman Free Essays

string(23) " want to take them in\." Interview with an Asian American Woman The Long Journey Towards The American Dream The Vietnam War ended in 1975, which caused many Vietnamese people to be driven out of their homes and immigrate to America, seeking a safe life away from the affects of war and political turmoil (Ojeda-Kimbrough Lecture June 7, 2012). My family was a part of these refugees searching for a way out. I interviewed my mother, Huong Carter who was born and raised in Vietnam and came to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with an Asian American Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. with the second wave of immigrants after the war had ended. The second wave of immigrants, including my family, could not speak English very well and traveled by boat, which was one of the most dangerous ways of travel during this time (Ojeda-Kimbrough Lecture June 7, 2012). With the threat of pirates, theft, illness, and drowning, my family faced these dangers in order to gain their freedom. Analysis of interview My mother felt frustrated throughout the interview, trying to get her point across but maybe couldn’t find the right words. She wanted to make sure that I knew everything that happened was because of how brave my grandfather had been to leave absolutely everything he had worked his whole life for behind just to keep my mother and her siblings safe and provide a brighter and safer future for them. I was trying to focus on how she felt during these times, and how she felt about being Asian in a predominantly White culture in America. The issues that we had learned in lectures did come up, but she didn’t want to focus on that. She wanted to focus on how hard her father had worked, and how hard each of them had to work, in school and in their jobs so that they could succeed in America where they had freedom and were safe from war. They saw coming to America as a great escape from the dangers of the political turmoil in Vietnam and worked hard every single day to obtain better jobs, more money, and a decent and safe future for their children. The interview gave me a better insight of how the â€Å"boat people† traveled and what kinds of dangers they faced, as well as the challenges faced absorbing life in America without fully understanding the language and culture. Early Life For some people, life was easy and comfortable in Vietnam. Huong was brought up in a wealthy family with four other siblings and had a maid and a chauffeur. As kids they didn’t have to do too much to help around the house and usually got what they wanted. Her father was a business man, and owned his own business. They lived in a big house an hour outside of Saigon in South Vietnam. Huong and her four siblings went to a nice public school in the area, and attended private lessons in Math and English. However the war brought on hardships for everyone. The effects of the war and the bombings happening all around where Huong’s family lived made her father decide it was time to leave. With it being much safer to live in the city, Saigon was their first choice, and the whole family made the move into Saigon. The Long Journey to America After the war, the communists took over Vietnam. In my mother’s words they â€Å"brain washed† children into believing in their way of communist life. The government started recruiting children to test out the mine fields from the war for any remaining mines. Huong’s oldest sibling ended up on this list, and it was at this time when their father decided it was time to leave Vietnam. He did not believe in the communist theory and wanted his children to grow up in a safe, free environment. Of course he knew that this meant he would have to give up everything he had worked for in Vietnam, and he knew the difficulties involved in moving to America, but after the communists won the war, their normal way of living was over. Huong’s family started their travels to America with the second wave of immigrants or the â€Å"boat people† (Ojeda-Kimbrough Lecture June 7, 2012). Her father had decided to give up everything they had in Vietnam to move to a safer place for his family, and most of all he wanted freedom. The proper legal papers were signed and their cousins in Georgia, USA who had immigrated earlier were their sponsors. They gave all of their money to guarantee space on the boat that would take them to America, and they had to pay with gold bars. The money used was just passage out of Vietnam; they had no idea where they were headed to. They were also told that it was a passenger ship, but it was in fact a freight ship. The government had lied and misled them, took all of their money in gold bars to only send them as far as Hong Kong. The boat ride was long and treacherous. Luckily my mother’s family had paid to get onto one of the bigger boats, meaning it was less likely that they would be attacked by pirates on their journey. What they did endure was extremely cramped conditions and rough seas. For freight ship that could have held maybe 1000 people, 3000 people were squeezed onto this ship. Their journey to Hong Kong took about one month. During this time, people would commit suicide, die from sickness, or starve. The captain of the ship ordered people to toss over their only possessions and the food they had brought in fear of capsizing the boat during storms. After this, some people would try and steal food from their neighbors. When the boat reached Hong Kong, the government there wanted to send them back to Vietnam. They were not supposed to be there, and they surely didn’t want to take them in. You read "Interview with an Asian American Woman" in category "Essay examples" After a month of consideration and more waiting on the boat for the passengers, a camp was set up by the harbor for these thousands of passengers after their long travel on the sea. In this camp, my mother and her family would stay in Hong Kong for an additional 8 months before going to America. For her family of seven, they were given one bunk bed to share. Conditions at the camp were as cramped as on the ship, and very dirty. The refugees would be given rice and water every day for food, which they had to line up for. However, they were allowed to get small jobs outside of the camp, so my mother, all of her siblings and her parents would get these jobs so that their family could save enough money to buy a little extra food. After doing even more legal work and consulting with their relatives and sponsors in the U. S. , my mother and the rest of her family all finally got to leave Hong Kong, straight for America. The American Dream My mother arrived in Georgia, USA in 1979, at age 17. She left all her friends and family in Vietnam and the comforts of their old home. She was always so excited to go to America because everyone would talk about this rich land and when they finally got here, it was very overwhelming. At first she was confused. What my mother found in America was not what she expected. There was a lot more poverty and not at all like she had dreamed. Here they were immediately put into high school. Her father held back his children in school to allow them to catch up and make up for the year they had missed. He did this, so that his children would also have a chance to catch up on their English language skills, and do well in school. Their education was a priority and he wanted them to do their best. The language was the hardest part of coming to America, everything was new and unfamiliar. They only stayed in Georgia for two months before my grandfather contacted some of his old neighbors from Vietnam who were now living in California. He didn’t like the weather in Georgia and felt California would probably be a better fit for him. So after only a few months, my mother finally got to California. The children were put back into high school immediately; however times were tough for my mother and her siblings. Their high school consisted of mostly white American, Hispanic and African American children. Her English was not very good at this point, so it was hard communicating with other kids, and socializing. Everywhere she went, she had a dictionary with her. She took beginners English class, where it consisted mostly of Hispanics. This class she felt was the nicest because she was with other kids who, like herself, could not speak the main language very well, and had difficulties expressing themselves. Luckily my grandfather’s old neighbor had a daughter, Phuong, attending the same high school, who became friends with my mother and her siblings. Phuong helped make them to make friends and understand American society and culture a little easier. Phuong had been in California much longer than my mother, having come over with the first wave of immigrants. Her English was much better, and she already had a small close group of friends. Huong didn’t have a long high school career, and she often felt isolated, and alienated from other kids. She would be ignored because they knew that she didn’t speak English very well and didn’t want to bother. She was the only Asian besides her siblings and always felt different from everyone else. Going into stores, the clerks would follow her around because they thought she would steal something. Huong felt cheated from having a real high school experience. She never got to go to prom or buy a year book because their family didn’t have enough money. She also felt she didn’t accomplish as much as she could have with her grades due to the language barrier, even when she would spend most of her time studying instead of making friends. However, she still obtained A’s and B’s through her hard work and perseverance, but was disappointed as she always had straight A’s in Vietnam. So she never felt like she was achieving as much as she potentially could. She was too busy trying to understand what everything was. College Getting into college was Huong’s and her sibling’s first priority. Most of the children actually got scholarships, and financial aid to help finance their college funds. Even though, Huong was actually embarrassed to ask for financial aid and have welfare and food stamps, it was the only way to attend college, and further her education. By this point in their lives, college was much easier because they understood the English language a lot better and there were more Asians in college than there were in high school. My mother got a job in the Financial Aid office at her college to help support her family. Her family was still struggling to make ends meet, so everyone had to work. Huong felt frustrated sometimes with her life, she wanted to accomplish as much as she could, but also had to help pay the bills for her family and work. Life was easy in Vietnam with their maids and chauffeurs, and here they had to work hard for everything they had. They lived in a small apartment and took the bus to school because they couldn’t afford a car. Everyone in the family had part time jobs, and would work and study hard every day to help better their careers and education. My mother felt she would study even harder than everyone else because of the language barrier. She had no time to party or date, or to buy nice things, because their lives only consisted of work and studying. Towards the end of her college life, my mother was hired as a data entry clerk with a local Real Estate company. She always felt like she was being treated nice, but maybe not necessarily equally. Management would yell at Huong for mistakes that were not her fault. She was never trained for the job, and was expected to do things that she needed training for. She felt that she wasn’t given any respect what so ever, and had to try her hardest to learn from her mistakes when they were yelling at her. Despite the disrespect and the yelling, she managed to earn a promotion to Assistant Controller with a raise from all her hard work. Huong didn’t have a lot of friends in the work place, but was always nice to everyone and tried to get to know each colleague. When my mother met my father Jeff in college, things became easier for her. Jeff was from England, and also immigrated to California. He came from a poor family, and also had to work hard to provide for his family and help pay the bills. With all of the things they had in common, Huong felt like she could relate to someone else, and he helped her understand more about American society. He would help her with her homework and her English. With this, life became much easier for Huong, because she understood a lot more about the American way of life. With the extra help, she had more time to go out, have fun and do things that Americans do, like going to the movies, dancing, and eating out. Life Now After being here for 33 years my mother is comfortable with life in America. She never got to go back and visit Vietnam yet, but she wants to when life isn’t so busy. She still misses the food, the culture, and her family in Vietnam, but not only is she living easily, her parents and all of her siblings are also living comfortably in California now. Her parents have a small house in Garden Grove, the center of the Vietnamese community, where they have retired next to other Vietnamese people. She realizes now just how much her father had given up when bringing his family to America, but she knows it had to be done, for their safety and their freedom. She is more than grateful of her father’s decisions, because she got to live in a free country and become a citizen. The main thing is they got to come to a country where there is no war. Her entire family still keeps close to each other by calling one another often, even the relatives still in Vietnam, and they have many family gatherings throughout the year for holidays, birthdays, and also to celebrate Vietnamese traditions. They keep up with their culture, and how they prepare their food, and when they are all together they still primarily speak the Vietnamese language. Their old customs and traditions are important to everyone in the family. How to cite Interview with an Asian American Woman, Essay examples

Calling The Earth To Witness(2007) by Darkwater free essay sample

This is a strange one. Yeah, Im going deeper and deeper underground here because some of these guys need more exposure than they get. Darkwater is a Swedish Progressive Metal group that seem to have great influence to Power metal band Symphony X, Opeth and maybe Tool even. So far, they have only released two albums with this being their debut. This is an nine track album that has an overall length of about 62 minutes. You may also find two epics here which are Habit and The Play, which is in two parts. Youll find this album very atmospheric and very beautiful sounding with its fluttering pianos and Symphony X inspired riffing, though less complex. Also, many of the tracks are gonna be pretty long normally hovering in the nine minute mark or higher so I wouldnt recommend it if you have an attention span less than 10 minutes give or take. We will write a custom essay sample on Calling The Earth To Witness(2007) by Darkwater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yes while it is only nine tracks, it has some epics that may not be for the faint of heart. The dark ambience, a more Tool or Opeth thing, is also fitting in this album, at least for me anyways. To me, it seems to fit well with maybe the album cover(kind of silly yes but bare with me) and some of the guitar and bass work on this album which is mostly slow tempoed and some beautiful, fluttering piano chords as Ive explained above. I would hope these guys are still around because two albums isnt really enough, 2010 was their the year for their last album too so its been about four or five years since then at the time of me writing this. I cant find much wrong here, though I wouldnt give it a perfect score, but close. I give this album a 9.8/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Should Psychologists Abstain from Involvement in Coercive Interrogations

The issues of whether psychologist should participate in coercive interrogations draw sharply divided opinions among investigators and even the public. Some believe that psychologists are an integral part of the interrogations since they can ensure that the prisoners or detainees are not handled with cruelty. Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Should Psychologists Abstain from Involvement in Coercive Interrogations? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, other people believe that the psychologist participation has the potential of violating the international human rights and the code of conduct of the profession. In this regard, Mark Costanzo, Ellen Gerrity and Brinton Lyke reason that participation of psychologists in interrogations should be banned (Slife, 2010, p. 312). In opposition an intelligence consultant and a psychologist Kirk Hubbard give an argument that banning psychologist from particip ating in interrogations is a restriction of the ways that psychologists can ethically protect the public by providing their support to government intelligences. It is Unethical for Psychologists to Be Involved in Interrogations The major profession organization for psychologist in the US, The American Psychological Association (APA) enforces a number of ethical requirements to the practicing psychologists (Slife, 2010, p. 313). These standards include; The Beneficence and Non-malfeasance Principle that requires the psychologists to try as much as possible â€Å"to do no harm† to the people they deal with and also strive to protect the welfare and human rights of the people they interact with. Besides they are also required to observe and respect tight and dignity of other people. Psychologists are required to respect the worth of every individual. Participation of psychologist in the coerced interrogations is an infringement of the rights of those they are dealing with, and a violation of the code of conduct provide by APA (Slife, 2010, p. 313). Coercion causes metal and physical harm and when excessive torture is used, I can leave long lasting consequences to the victims and the perpetrators of the torture. Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means the psychologist are involved they fail to observe dignity and rights of people, caring for the welfare of others, professional and social responsibility and lack of integrity or competence (Harris Botticelli, 2010, p. 116). A Ban on Such Interrogations Unnecessary Psychologists are arguably doing a great job benefiting many people in the community and questioning their tactics is uncalled for. Over the decades, the profession of psychology has struggled to distinguish itself as a unique scientific field that is of great importance in the current society playing crucial roles in governance, se curity and military activities (Harris Botticelli, 2010, p. 117). In a world where people cannot easily agree on what is right and what is wrong, the actions that benefit many other people seem to be the better ways of looking at what is good or bad (Harris Botticelli, 2010, p. 116). In the case of threats from terror, Hubbard suggests that the security intelligences are only left with an option of watching what the terrorist do, listen to what they say and how they act, to know their intentions (Slife, 2010, p. 322). Regardless of what the US groups of psychologists think, terrorist mean to harm innocent people and disrupt their way of life. Banning the involvement of the psychologists means that this would restrict their contribution to the protection of the whole society. Besides the psychologists will not be accountable to the society considering they may have failed to prevent an incidence that was preventable (Bersoff, 2008, p. 326). It’s irresponsible to withhold information that can influence potential terrorists to disclose important information just because the code of conduct wants to protect people who do not care about consequences of their actions (Bersoff, 2008, p. 326).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Should Psychologists Abstain from Involvement in Coercive Interrogations? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Should Psychological Measure Be Utilized During Imminent Danger Of Potential Terror Attacks? Hubbard says yes (Slife, 2010, p. 322). His reason is that it is a positive way that psychologists can contribute to the safety of the society. Besides, this is a question of an individual right and the benefits of safety to a whole society. The ticking bomb situation are real and this is the reason why psychologist need to be allowed to step up to the table and offer alternative ways that are effective in obtaining crucial information when there is immine nt danger of terror attack (Slife, 2010, p. 323). There are a number of real life examples where terror attacks have been intercepted after obtaining crucial information this way. Reference List Bersoff, D. (2008). Ethical Conflicts in Psychology. (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Harris, A., Botticelli, S. (2010). First Do No Harm: The Paradoxical Encounters of Psychoanalysis, Warmaking And Resistance.  , London: Taylor Francis Slife, B. (2010). Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Psychological Issues. New York: McGraw-Hill This critical writing on Should Psychologists Abstain from Involvement in Coercive Interrogations? was written and submitted by user Helen F. to help you with your own studies. 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AIDS Case Study Essay Essays

AIDS Case Study Essay Essays AIDS Case Study Essay Essay AIDS Case Study Essay Essay Client Profile: Mr. Thomas is a 42 twelvemonth old adult male admitted to the infirmary with ailments of shortness of breath. febrility. weariness and unwritten thrush. The wellness attention supplier reviews the research lab and diagnostic trials with Mr. Thomas and informs him he has pneumonia and is HIV positive. Mr. Thomas believes that he contracted HIV while involved in an matter with another adult female three old ages ago. He is afraid to state his married woman. cognizing she will be angry and that she may go forth him. Case Study: The nurse assigned to care for Mr. Thomas reads in the medical record ( chart ) that he learned two yearss ago he was HIV positive. There is a note in the record that indicates that Mr. Thomas has non told his married woman the diagnosing. To finish a functional wellness form appraisal. the nurse asks Mr. Thomas if he may inquire him a few inquiries. Mr. Thomas is willing and in the class of their conversation portions with the nurse that he believes that he contracted the HIV during an matter with another adult female. He states. â€Å"How can I state my married woman about this? I am so ashamed. It is bad plenty that I had an matter. but to hold to state her in this manner – I merely don’t think I can. She is non ill at all. I will merely state I have pneumonia and take the medicine my wellness attention supplier gave me. I do non desire my married woman of anyone else to cognize. If she begins to demo marks of non experiencing good. so I will state her. I merely can’t tell anyone. What will people believe of me if they know I have AIDS? † 1. Briefly discuss how the HIV is transmitted and how it is non. How can Mr. Thomas prevent the transmittal of HIV to his married woman and others? In septic people. infective HIV is present merely in cells and in some bodily fluids. HIV can be isolated easy from blood. seeds and vaginal/cervical secernments ( including catamenial fluids ) . Blood and seeds are the cells that are most likely to transport HIV. HIV has besides been isolated from chest milk. With much greater trouble. the virus has on juncture. been isolated from spit. cryings. and urine. It is has non been isolated from sweat or fecal matters. The current scientific position is that organic structure fluids other than blood. seeds. vaginal/cervical secernments. and breast milk. contain so small. if any. HIV that they are non of major importance in HIV transmittal between persons. HIV is really delicate outside of the organic structure. so transmission requires direct contact of two substances. fluid incorporating the HIV from an septic individual and susceptible cells ( normally via the blood watercourse ) of another individual. Casual contact includes all types o f ordinary every twenty-four hours. non-sexual contact between and among people. Shaking custodies. caressing. caressing. sharing eating utensils. sharing towels or serviettes. utilizing the same phone and utilizing a lavatory place are all illustrations of insouciant contact. Because HIV is rapidly inactive outside the organic structure. it can non last in unfastened air or in H2O. ( 1 ) Methods that Mr. Thomas can convey HIV to his married woman and others would be any type of blood transmittal or adumbrate sexual contact. Epidemiological information points to three manners of HIV transmittal from individual to individual: from blood. from birth. and from sex. Since Mr. Thomas is male we can traverse out birth. Mr. Thomas can forestall transmittal of HIV to his married woman and others by merely prosecuting in sexual activity with a rubber. and even so there is a hazard of the rubber breakage and so being careful with any types of cuts. unfastened lesions. and contact with others and his ain blood. 2. Mr. Thomas stated. â€Å"What will people believe of me if they know I have AIDS? † How can the nurse explain the difference between being HIV positive and holding AIDS? The nurse can explicate n that Mr. Thomas does non hold AIDS. AIDs are a complication once the immune system can no longer manage contending the HIV infection. HIV is the existent infection itself. AIDS is what happens one time the immune system is compromised taking the manner to other infections that may non impact a normal healthy grownup or kid. but become life endangering to a individual with AID’s. This is caused by the diminished immune systems inability to contend off any infection. 3. Discourse the ethical quandary inherent in this instance. HIV revelation is defined as a ‘complex and multifaceted procedure of doing a voluntary or nonvoluntary determination about whom to inform about one’s position. why. when. where and how’ . This is peculiarly disputing when it comes to informing patients’ sexual spouses. besides referred to as spouse presentment. The three attacks to spouse presentment include: I ) beginning referral. whereby the wellness attention supplier encourages the patients to alarm their spouses themselves ; twos ) provider referral. whereby the wellness attention supplier notifies the spouses with the consent of the patients while esteeming the patients’ confidentiality ; and iii ) conditional referral. whereby the patients in understanding with the wellness attention supplier are supposed to inform their spouses within a given clip frame otherwise the wellness attention supplier will make so ( but without uncovering the patients’ individuality ) ( 2 ) 4. Does the wellness attention supplier have a legal duty to state anyone other than Mr. Thomas that he is HIV positive? If so. discuss. Legally. the nurse can’t tell anyone. â€Å"In tribunal advising an HIV-positive patient’s spouse can be argued in footings of transgressing professional moralss because ethically it is incorrect to unwrap your patient’s consequence or diagnosing to 3rd parties without that individual’s consent. † 5. Any loss. such as loss of one’s wellness. consequences in a grief response. Describe the phases of heartache harmonizing to Kubler-Ross. Denial: â€Å"This can non go on to me! †Anger: â€Å"Why did this happen to me? Who’s to fault for this? † Bargaining: â€Å"Just allow me populate. and I’ll do anything†Depression: â€Å"I am excessively sad to make anything†Credence: â€Å"I’m at peace with what is coming† . 6. Discuss which phase of grief Mr. Thomas is most likely experiencing. Provide examples of Mr. Thomas’s behavior that back up your determination. I believe that Mr. Thomas is sing both denial and choler. In denial. he recognizes that this is so go oning to him but he does non desire his married woman to cognize and that is his refusal to accept what is traveling on. The choler part comes from him faulting his matter for it go oning in which sense he blames both himself and the adult female he had the matter with. 7. What research lab trials are used to corroborate the diagnosing of HIV infection in an grownup? HIV is most normally diagnosed by proving your blood or spit for the presence of antibodies to the virus. A newer type of trial cheques for HIV antigen. a protein produced by the virus instantly after infection. 8. Discourse the map of CD4 T cells and supply an illustration of how the CD4 T cell count guides the direction of HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that’s specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV. A healthy person’s CD4 count can change from 500 to more than 1. 000. Even if a individual has no symptoms. HIV infection progresses to Help when his or her CD4 count becomes less than 200. ( 3 ) 9. Briefly explain the intent of viral burden blood trials in supervising the patterned advance of HIV. The viral burden trial measures the sum of virus in your blood. Surveies have shown that people with higher viral tonss by and large fare more ill than do those with a lower viral burden. ( 3 ) 10. Mr. Thomas expresses a preparedness to larn more about HIV. Discuss the nurse’s initial intercession when get downing client instruction and so discourse the patterned advance of the HIV disease. including an account of primary infection. A. B. and C and four chief types of timeserving infections. There are different phases of HIV infection. Primary HIV infection can demo symptoms that can be confused as the grippe. These symptoms can last for a couple yearss to a few hebdomads and so vanish. Phase 2 is an symptomless phase significance that the patient likely shows small to no symptoms. â€Å"This phase stopping points for an norm of 10 old ages and. as its name suggests. is free from major symptoms. although there may be swollen secretory organs. The degree of HIV in the peripheral blood beads to really low degrees but people remain infective and HIV antibodies are noticeable in the blood. so antibody trials will demo a positive consequence. Research has shown that HIV is non hibernating during this phase. but is really active in the lymph nodes. A trial is available to mensurate the little sum of HIV that escapes the lymph nodes. This trial which measures HIV RNA ( HIV familial stuff ) is referred to as the viral burden trial. and it has an of import function in the intervention of HIV infection. † ( 4 ) Phase 3 is diagnostic HIV characterized by lymph nodes and tissues going for good damaged and the virus get downing to mutate to AIDs due to the inability of the organic structure maintaining up with helper T cell reconstructing as the HIV virus putting to deaths off the assistant T cells. Phase 4 is patterned advance of HIV to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when any status listed in clinical phase 4 is diagnosed and/or the CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm3 or a CD4 per centum less than 15. ( 4 ) The ABC’s of HIV are: Abstinence for young person. including the hold of sexual introduction and abstention until matrimony Being tested for HIV and being faithful in matrimony and monogamous relationships Correct and consistent usage of rubbers for those who pattern high-risk behavior ( 4 ) The CDC has listed 24 types of timeserving infections sing HIV. As his nurse I would do certain Mr. Thomas had the information sing all 24. but I would clear up on the 4 chief 1s since he is already exhibiting symptoms of those. Four chief types of timeserving infections in respects to HIV are: â€Å"Thrush: fungous infection of the oral cavity. pharynx. or vagina. Herpes simplex virus: can do unwritten herpes ( cold sores ) or venereal herpes. This is a reasonably common infection but if you have HIV. the eruptions can be much more frequent and more terrible. Mycobacterium avium composite ( MAC or MAI ) – a bacterial infection that can do repeating febrilities. general ill feelings. jobs with digestion. and s erious weight loss Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP ) – a fungous infection that can do a fatal pneumonia. † ( 6 ) 11. Following the nurse’s instruction. Mr. Thomas states. â€Å"How stupid I was to hold that matter. Not merely could it destroy my matrimony. but it gave me a decease sentence. † Share with Mr. Thomas what you know about long-run subsisters. long-run non-progressors. and extremely active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . HIV bearers can transport the virus for a decennary demoing small to no symptoms.There are many different types of care drug therapies to relieve symptoms. and cut down the rate of patterned advance. Antiretroviral therapy can assist procrastinate the patterned advance of the disease. nevertheless. discontinuance of antiretroviral therapy may ensue in viral recoil. immune decomposition. and clinical patterned advance of HIV. Break of HAART is non recommended ( 7 ) . With HAART. patients who have had a positive HIV trial have gone every bit long as 30 old ages with small to no symptoms and no patterned advance of AIDS ( 6 ) . HAART is defined as a drug regimen to accomplish sustained viral suppression. Simplified intervention regimens and diminishing the figure of medicines that patients have to take each twenty-four hours has proven effectual in patient’s attachment to their intervention. Drug companies are invariably happening new ways to unite the inhibitors into 2-3 medicin es versus the extended intervention regimens originally used. Overall attachment rates are still merely 30-50 % in the US. so I would urge extended follow up with Mr. Thomas and his wellness attention suppliers to increase his attachment. 12. Discourse how the nurse should react if Mr. Thomas’s married woman approaches him in the hall and asks. â€Å"Did the trial consequences come back yet? Do you cognize what is incorrect with my hubby? † The nurse must state Mr. Thomas’s married woman that she can non discourse Mr. Thomas’s medical status with her and that she must inquire Mr. Thomas himself. Legally and ethically. the nurse can non give Mr. Thomas’s married woman any information sing his status and diagnosing if Mr. Thomas has specifically asked for no information to be disclosed. which he has. 13. List five possible nursing diagnosings appropriate to see for Mr. Thomas. I chose these 5 for where Mr. Thomas is related to his disease at this clip. 1. Deficient cognition related to HIV infection. agencies of forestalling HIV transmittal. and self-care 2. Hazard for infection related to immunodeficiency.3. Activity intolerance related to failing. weariness. malnutrition. impairedfluid and electrolyte balance and hypoxia associated with pneumonic infections. 4. Social isolation related to stigma of disease. backdown of support systems. isolation processs. and fright of infecting others. 5. Anticipatory sorrowing related t alterations in life style and functions and unfavourable forecast Mentions1 ) Conner. Ross F. . A ; Fan. Hung Y. . A ; Vilarreal. Luis P. Aids. Science and Society. Sixth Edition. 2011. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. LLC 2 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. biomedcentral. com/1472-698X/11/63 ) World Wide Web. mayoclinic. com4 ) World Wide Web. avert. org5 ) World Wide Web. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. org6 ) World Wide Web. AIDSs. org7 ) Smeltzer. Suzanne C. . A ; Hinkle. Janice L. . A ; Bare. Brenda G. . A ; Cheever. Kerry H. Brunner A ; Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. ( 2010 ) . Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams A ; Wilkins

Internation study-proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internation study-proposal - Essay Example Globalization leads to increased government lending by developed nations and hence the country is able to start and complete economic projects. Access to funds improves various government aspects such as education, healthcare and social services. Globalization reduces poverty since people are employed and have access to better education. Expansion of some companies to developed nations brings resources necessary to develop new industries and in the end local industries grow more. On the other hand, globalization also has negative effects to developing nations. According to Brown and Lauder, globalization limits the expansion of industries in developing nations (Brown and Hugh 14). Globalization leads to unfair competition that brings down local companies in developing nations. Fallen companies in turn leads to an imbalance between exports and imports and hence such countries develop at a slower rate. Globalization leads to export of knowledge such that the developing nations have no skilled labor for their industries (Kose 208). The salaries in developing nations are low as compared to developed nations. Since globalization allows for movement of labor, most people tend to leave the undeveloped countries and go to developed nations to seek for employment. This hampers industrial and economic growth of many developing